Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science
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description: Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES) e-ISSN 2774-373X is a peer-reviewed journal that aims at the publication and dissemination of original research articles on the latest developments in all fields of engineering science and technology. The journal publishes original papers in English, which contribute to the understanding of engineering science and improvement of the engineering technology and education. Papers may be theoretical, experimental and paper review. The contribution should be unpublished before and not under consideration for publication elsewhere. wiltoto
publisher: Asosiasi Peneliti Sriwijaya
language: en
publication name: Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science
issn: 2774-373X
items: PICO-SCALE OPEN FLUME PROPELLER WATER TURBINE PERFORMANCE UNDER VARIATION IN AIRFOIL THICKNESS-TO-CHORD RATIO
items: DESIGN OF A PID CONTROLLER FOR SPEED OF A CONVEYOR
items: EVALUATION OF THE MILLING PROCESS USING AL₂O₃ AND Fe₃O₄ NANOFLUIDS IN AN MQL SYSTEM ON MACHINING POWER AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS
items: EXPERIMENTAL ANFIS-FUZZY CONTROLLER FOR BALL AND BEAM SYSTEM
items: MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF SMAW DISSIMILAR WELDS BETWEEN ASTM A36 AND AISI 316 WITH E316-16 ELECTRODE AT DIFFERENT WELDING CURRENTS
items: TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT CORROSION OF AISI 1020, AL 1050, AND RIVETED JOINTS IN LANDFILL LEACHATE
items: SELECTION METHOD OF GRINDING MACHINE AND AIR CLASSIFIER IN GRINDING-CLASSIFICATION PROCESS BY USING FSFDMW-TOPSIS
items: STUDY TO REDUCE VELOCITY NON-UNIFORMITY IN JAW CRUSHER
items: SIMULATION OF SCREENING PERFORMANCE AND FLOW BEHAVIOR OF NON-COHESIVE AND COHESIVE MATERIAL ON BANANA SCREEN WITH DIFFERENT APERTURE SHAPES
items: LIQUID SMOKE PRODUCTION FROM PALM KERNEL SHELL PYROLYSIS: COMPARING COLD AIR AND CONVENTIONAL CONDENSATION METHODS
items: DESIGN OF A FUZZY CONTROLLER FOR A HEATING FURNACE SYSTEM
items: A STUDY OF EXPERIMENTAL FUZZY CONTROL FOR BALL AND TUBE SYSTEM
items: FINITE ELEMENT NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR FATIGUE STRENGTH IN FSW WELDING OF ALUMINUM-5052 ALLOY
items: PID-CONTROLLED HUMAN DETECTION ROBOT WITH VISUAL PROCESSING ON ALPHABOT-2
items: COMPARATIVE BLADES NUMBER HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINES IN PROFILE NACA 0012 USING CFD SIMULATION
items: PID TRAJECTORY TRACKING CONTROL FOR BALL-AND-PLATE SYSTEM
items: PROSPECTS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY
items: GLOBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL AND INSTALLED CAPACITY
items: ADVANCING RENEWABLE ENERGY: TRENDS IN SMART GRID INTEGRATION, DESIGN INNOVATION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
items: OCEAN ENERGY AND TIDAL TURBINE TECHNOLOGY
items: COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF HYDROPOWER TECHNOLOGY
items: COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF WIND TURBINES
items: INTRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY: PRESENTS TRENDS AND OBJECTIVES
items: HARNESSING RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
items: PID CONTROL FOR AUTONOMOUS OBJECT-FOLLOWING ROBOT
items: FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF HALF BEAD TECHNIQUE TO REPLACE POST-WELD HEAT TREATMENT IN WELDING A335 GRADE P22 PIPES
items: THE OPTIMIZATION OF STAINLESS STEEL 304 AND 316 WELDED JOINTS ON CORROSION RATE BY THE TAGUCHI METHOD
items: A SURVEY OF LINEAR CONTROL FOR EXPERIMENTAL BALL AND BEAM WITH MIDDLE AXIS
items: OPTIMIZING COUPLING SYSTEMS FOR EFFICIENT POWER TRANSMISSION AND NOISE REDUCTION IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
items: CONTROL AND MONITORING OF A TWO-AXIS AC-SERVO POSITIONING SYSTEM FOR DISPENSING APPLICATIONS USING PLC S7-1200

PICO-SCALE OPEN FLUME PROPELLER WATER TURBINE PERFORMANCE UNDER VARIATION IN AIRFOIL THICKNESS-TO-CHORD RATIO
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description: Air pollution from coal-fired power plants contributes approximately 44% of Indonesia’s CO₂ emissions. Transitioning to renewable sources, such as hydroelectric power, offers a viable solution, particularly with open-flume propeller turbines in remote areas. This study investigates the effect of T/C ratios on pico-scale open-flume propeller turbines using NACA 44XX airfoils. Three configurations (0.11, 0.12, and 0.13) with varying rotational speeds were evaluated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with mesh motion in ANSYS Fluent, along with analytical methods for torque, power output, and efficiency. T/C 0.13 consistently delivered the best performance, reaching a maximum efficiency of 15.39% at 850 rpm. In contrast, the analytical method found that the maximum efficiency of that configuration is approximately 26% at 1100 RPM. The deviation between the analytical and numerical results arises from the analytical method's limitations in capturing the viscous shear flow around the turbine blades and the gap-clearance loss. The pressure distribution analysis revealed that T/C 0.13 maintained the most balanced high–low pressure zones, minimizing early flow separation. T/C 0.12 exhibited instability at high RPM due to less stable pressure differentials, whereas T/C 0.11 maintained stability with sharper pressure gradients and a higher risk of separation despite lower output. These findings emphasize the role of optimal blade geometry in improving efficiency, pressure–velocity stability, and flow control in small-scale water turbines. However, the lack of experimental testing in this study limits the validity of its results; further experimentation is needed.
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creator: Christian Romulus Tigor
creator: Warjito Warjito
creator: Budiarso Budiarso
creator: Aji Putro Prakoso
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-12
publication date: 2026-06-12
starting page: 081
ending page: 089
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v7i2.223

DESIGN OF A PID CONTROLLER FOR SPEED OF A CONVEYOR
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description: This study presents a compact and energy-aware conveyor speed control system designed to maintain stable and precise motor operation. A PID controller is implemented on an Arduino Mega, using encoder feedback and a discrete Kalman filter to reduce measurement noise and improve response smoothness. The system incorporates an H-bridge driver for motor actuation and an LCD module for on-site monitoring, together with a Python-based interface that provides real-time visualization of set speed, actual speed, and transient response via UART communication. Experimental results show that the controller achieves fast response, minimal steady-state error, and low overshoot across various reference speeds. Performance at a fixed 25-rpm setpoint under both no-load and light-load conditions further demonstrates good disturbance tolerance. Overall, the system offers a reproducible, low-cost, and energy-efficient solution suitable for small conveyor applications in educational and prototyping environments.
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creator: Truong-Nguyen Phan
creator: Huu-Tai Nguyen
creator: Quy-Kien Tran
creator: Trung-Nhan Nguyen
creator: Minh-Thanh Nguyen
creator: Hoang-Danh Vu
creator: Thanh-Toan Nguyen
creator: Nguyen-Quoc-Nam Dang
creator: Duc-Quang-Thai Nguyen
creator: Ba-Anh Le
creator: Van Dong Hai Nguyen
creator: Thi-Ngoc-Thao Nguyen
creator: Hoang-Lam Le
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-12
publication date: 2026-06-12
starting page: 069
ending page: 080
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v7i2.222

EVALUATION OF THE MILLING PROCESS USING AL₂O₃ AND Fe₃O₄ NANOFLUIDS IN AN MQL SYSTEM ON MACHINING POWER AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS
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description: This study investigated the effect of nanofluid-based Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) cooling strategy and machining parameters on machining power and surface roughness in milling process. Two nanofluids, Al₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄, were evaluated under identical cutting conditions. The results showed that the machining power using Al₂O₃ nanofluid was slightly lower than Fe₃O₄ (1%). However, it produced higher surface roughness (14.27%) than Fe₃O₄. Furthermore, machining parameters significantly affected the performance. Increasing cutting speed (vc = 3.23%), feed rate (fz = 0.93%), and depth of cut (ax = 0.33%) led to higher machining power due to increased material removal rate and cutting force. Surface roughness was mainly influenced by fz = 8.49% and ax = 6.16%, with feed rate identified as the dominant factor. Taguchi analysis and ANOVA revealed that depth of cut contributed most to machining power, while feed rate dominated surface roughness. The optimal machining power was achieved at vc = 22.5 m/min, fz = 0.028 mm/tooth, and ax = 0.5 mm, with values of 1.336 kW (Al₂O₃) and 1.341 kW (Fe₃O₄). Meanwhile, the best surface roughness was obtained at vc = 40.8 m/min, fz = 0.028 mm/tooth, and ax = 0.5 mm, with values of 0.596 µm (Al₂O₃) and 0.494 µm (Fe₃O₄).
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creator: Muhammad Yanis
creator: Yonichart Artha Wiradjaya
creator: Muhammad Zahir
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-12
publication date: 2026-06-12
starting page: 059
ending page: 068
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v7i2.221

EXPERIMENTAL ANFIS-FUZZY CONTROLLER FOR BALL AND BEAM SYSTEM
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description: This paper presents the development of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controller for a mid-pivot Ball and Beam system. The nonlinear dynamic model is derived using Euler–Lagrange formulation, followed by DC motor modeling to construct the full state-space system. An ANFIS controller is trained from PID-generated data to enhance adaptability under nonlinear conditions. Simulation and hardware experiments validate the controller’s performance. Results show that the proposed controller can stabilize the system with reasonable accuracy, although overshoot and oscillation remain. Directions for improving intelligent control and hardware design are discussed.
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creator: Tuan-Kiet Le
creator: Le-Anh-Tuan Nguyen
creator: Ngoc-Long Le
creator: Van-Dong-Hai Nguyen
creator: Thi-Hong-Lam Le
creator: Thi-Thanh-Hoang Le
creator: Van-Hiep Nguyen
creator: Thanh-Binh Nguyen
creator: Thi-Ngoc-Hieu Phu
creator: Thi-Ngoc-Thao Nguyen
creator: Ngoc-Hung Nguyen
creator: Binh-Hau Nguyen
creator: Hai-Thanh Nguyen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-27
publication date: 2026-03-27
starting page: 049
ending page: 057
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v7i1.206

MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF SMAW DISSIMILAR WELDS BETWEEN ASTM A36 AND AISI 316 WITH E316-16 ELECTRODE AT DIFFERENT WELDING CURRENTS
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description: This study investigates the effect of welding current on the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of Shielded Metal Arc Welded (SMAW) dissimilar lap joints between ASTM A36 carbon steel and AISI 316 stainless steel using an E316-16 electrode. Welding was performed at three different currents, namely 60 A, 70 A, and 80 A, to evaluate their influence on microstructure, hardness distribution, and impact toughness. Microstructural characterization was conducted using optical microscopy to examine phase formation and grain morphology in the weld metal and heat-affected zone (HAZ). Mechanical properties were evaluated through Vickers hardness testing and Charpy impact testing. The results show that increasing welding current leads to higher heat input, promoting the formation of finer pearlite and acicular ferrite in the weld metal, along with an expansion of the HAZ. These microstructural changes resulted in increased hardness, with the highest average hardness value of 343.32 HV observed in the weld metal at 80 A. Impact test results indicated that higher welding currents enhanced impact toughness due to the interlocking morphology of acicular ferrite, which effectively retards crack propagation. However, localized grain coarsening was observed near the fusion boundary, particularly within the HAZ. Overall, a welding current of 80 A provided the most favorable combination of hardness and impact toughness, indicating its suitability for optimizing the mechanical performance of SMAW dissimilar welded joints between ASTM A36 and AISI 316.
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creator: Nurhabibah Paramitha Eka Utami
creator: Hendri Chandra
creator: Diah Kusuma Pratiwi
creator: Ellyanie Ellyanie
creator: Astuti Astuti
creator: Wisnu Hafiz Prastyanto
creator: Muhammad Ihsan Riady
creator: Dyos Santoso
creator: M. A. Ade Saputra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-22
publication date: 2025-12-22
starting page: 157
ending page: 165
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v6i3.201

TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT CORROSION OF AISI 1020, AL 1050, AND RIVETED JOINTS IN LANDFILL LEACHATE
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description: Corrosion is a critical degradation mechanism for metallic materials operating in aggressive environments such as landfills, where chloride-rich leachate, high moisture, and fluctuating temperatures accelerate electrochemical reactions. This study investigates the corrosion behavior of AISI 1020 carbon steel, Al 1050 aluminium, and their riveted joints under simulated landfill conditions at 30 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C using the weight-loss method in accordance with ASTM G31-72. The landfill leachate used in this research contained high chloride, BOD, and COD levels, representing a chemically and biologically aggressive medium. Results show that AISI 1020 and Al 1050 experienced the highest corrosion rate at the early immersion stage (day 2), followed by passivation and a significant rate reduction by days 4 and 6. Increasing temperature accelerated initial corrosion for all materials, with Al 1050 showing greater susceptibility due to chloride-induced breakdown of its passive film. Riveted joints displayed much higher and less stable corrosion rates than single-material specimens, especially at elevated temperatures. Galvanic coupling between steel and aluminium, combined with crevice geometry at the rivet interface, intensified localized attack and disrupted protective oxide films. The most severe corrosion occurred in Al 1050 with riveted joints at 50 °C, reaching 0.523 mm/year on day 2. These findings highlight the combined roles of galvanic and crevice corrosion in riveted assemblies under landfill conditions and emphasize the need for careful material selection and joint design in waste management systems.
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creator: Gunawan Gunawan
creator: Qomarul Hadi
creator: Muhammad Iqbal Ramadhani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 147
ending page: 155
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v6i2.102

SELECTION METHOD OF GRINDING MACHINE AND AIR CLASSIFIER IN GRINDING-CLASSIFICATION PROCESS BY USING FSFDMW-TOPSIS
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description: Type selection of grinding machines and air classifiers is a critical issue in dry grinding–classification process design, particularly under uncertain environments where statistical data are unavailable and expert judgments dominate decision making. This study proposes a fuzzy group decision-making framework integrating fuzzy equivalence clustering, fuzzy score function with decision makers’ weights (FSFDMW), and TOPSIS to enhance selection reliability. First, main criteria are identified using fuzzy equivalence clustering. Then, an n-dimensional fuzzy environment is constructed to determine the weights of decision makers and criteria. Finally, a TOPSIS procedure based on fuzzy score functions is applied to rank alternatives. Application to the dental gypsum grinding–classification process shows that the impact mill achieves the highest priority value (0.742), while the MS type air classifier obtains the highest priority value (0.96417). The proposed framework improves decision accuracy while maintaining computational simplicity.
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creator: Tong ho Sin
creator: Tong il Kim
creator: Chang Il Kim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-16
publication date: 2026-03-16
starting page: 183
ending page: 203
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v6i3.192

STUDY TO REDUCE VELOCITY NON-UNIFORMITY IN JAW CRUSHER
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description: Jaw crushers are widely used in mining and construction for primary rock size reduction, but their conventional designs often exhibit high energy consumption and unstable dynamic behavior due to pulsating crushing loads. This study investigates the dynamic characteristics of a jaw crusher and proposes an improved inertia distribution strategy to enhance load smoothing while reducing flywheel mass. A combined simulation framework integrating the Discrete Element Method (DEM), rigid-body dynamic modeling, and optimization analysis was employed. DEM simulations were used to model ore fragmentation and quantify the cyclic forces acting on the moving jaw, which were found to follow a Gaussian-type distribution with respect to crank phase angle. The resulting load model was incorporated into a dynamic simulation to evaluate angular velocity fluctuations and motor load behavior. The results show that increasing flywheel mass improves rotational stability but increases start-up load. An optimized eccentric mass installed on a low-mass flywheel reduced start-up time by 35% and velocity non-uniformity by 45%, improving crusher dynamic performance.
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creator: Kwang Myong Ri
creator: Sok Gun Hong
creator: Song Ri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-16
publication date: 2026-03-16
starting page: 205
ending page: 219
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v6i3.191

SIMULATION OF SCREENING PERFORMANCE AND FLOW BEHAVIOR OF NON-COHESIVE AND COHESIVE MATERIAL ON BANANA SCREEN WITH DIFFERENT APERTURE SHAPES
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description: In this paper, the screening performance and particle flow of non-cohesive and cohesive materials in banana screens with different shapes of aperture are investigated. In our study, the particles have different cohesiveness, i.e. surface energy, depending on the case. Apertures are also rectangular in shape, with different aspect ratios and orientations according the cases. Based on the model, the screening process was simulated by DEM(discrete element method). The screening performance was evaluated in terms of the passing percent of undersize particles, and the flow characteristics were investigated based on the average velocity and the mass distribution of the particles on each panel. The results of the study can help in the design of aperture, structure and material of banana screen for screening of non-cohesive and cohesive materials.
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creator: IlChol Sin
creator: CholSong Kim
creator: CholUng Ryom
creator: WonChol Hong
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-22
publication date: 2026-02-22
starting page: 167
ending page: 181
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v6i3.190

LIQUID SMOKE PRODUCTION FROM PALM KERNEL SHELL PYROLYSIS: COMPARING COLD AIR AND CONVENTIONAL CONDENSATION METHODS
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description: Gas condensation is one of the problems in the liquid smoke production process. Uncondensed gas will have an impact on the liquid smoke produced and air pollution. Here, several methods are applied to determine the percentage level of liquid smoke produced by the gas condensation process. The condensation method uses conventional normal water, gas condensation using cold water, and gas condensation using cold air. The raw materials used are oil palm shells with a size of -4+5 mesh, a pyrolysis temperature of 300-4000C, and a liquid smoke production process for 300 minutes. Based on the test results, gas condensation occurs optimally in the cold air method, with the results of 22% liquid smoke, 64% charcoal, and 14% non-condensed gas. Compared with the condensation of the standard water method, the condensation method of cold air is superior to 36.36% for liquid smoke to minimize air pollution by up to 48%. The results of this study indicate that temperature and fluid effect the effectiveness of the gas condensation process, thereby increasing the yield of liquid smoke and reducing air pollution during the liquid smoke production process.
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creator: Riman Sipahutar
creator: Irwin Bizzy
creator: Baiti Hidayati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-07-10
publication date: 2025-07-10
starting page: 137
ending page: 146
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v6i2.186

DESIGN OF A FUZZY CONTROLLER FOR A HEATING FURNACE SYSTEM
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description: In thermal process control, conventional methods like PID often struggle to cope with nonlinearities, time delays, and external disturbances. This study presents the design and implementation of a Mamdani-type fuzzy logic controller for temperature regulation in furnace systems. Unlike traditional controllers, fuzzy logic offers flexibility, robustness, and does not require an accurate mathematical model. The proposed controller uses two input variables—temperature error and its rate of change—and one output variable to adjust the TRIAC firing angle, controlling the system's power input. Through MATLAB simulation and hardware implementation with LM35 sensors and TRIAC modules, the fuzzy system demonstrates rapid response, no overshoot, and stable operation across varying setpoints (50°C, 70°C, 90°C). Comparative results highlight the superior performance of fuzzy control over conventional PID, especially in systems with nonlinear behavior and dynamic characteristics. The findings confirm that fuzzy logic is a practical and efficient solution for real-time temperature control applications, offering high adaptability without manual parameter tuning.
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creator: Nguyen-Nhut-Huy To
creator: Quoc-Huy Pham
creator: Anh-Quoc Le
creator: Minh-Tu Doan
creator: Minh-Tri Pham
creator: Ngoc-Huy Tran
creator: Hoang-Thien-Phuc Nguyen
creator: Thanh-Tu Tran
creator: Minh-Nhat Phan
creator: Phuc-Loc Nguyen
creator: Duy-Anh Dao
creator: Thai-Bao Nguyen
creator: Thi-Hong-Lam Le
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-07-09
publication date: 2025-07-09
starting page: 125
ending page: 135
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v6i2.182

A STUDY OF EXPERIMENTAL FUZZY CONTROL FOR BALL AND TUBE SYSTEM
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description: This paper presents a fuzzy logic control approach for a real ball-in-tube system, which is a classical single-input, single-output (SISO) nonlinear system. The primary objective is to balance the ball's position at a fixed set point while ensuring effective tracking when the reference value changes over time. The results demonstrate the controller's ability to maintain stable ball positioning and provide smooth and responsive tracking behavior in real-time conditions.
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creator: Anh-Quan Dao
creator: Ba-Thanh Nguyen
creator: Ngoc-Tho Phan
creator: Tuan-Loc Nguyen
creator: Tuan-Vu Nguyen
creator: Thanh-Cong Nguyen
creator: Van-Duc-Thinh Le
creator: Hoang-Trong-Thai Vo
creator: Manh-Tin Le
creator: Ngoc-Huy Hoang
creator: Hai-Dang Nguyen
creator: Phuong-Tien Le
creator: Thi-Thanh-Hoang Le
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-07
publication date: 2025-06-07
starting page: 095
ending page: 103
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v6i2.178

FINITE ELEMENT NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR FATIGUE STRENGTH IN FSW WELDING OF ALUMINUM-5052 ALLOY
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description: This study applied observations on the fatigue loads of friction stir welding joints of 5052 Aluminum alloy using the finite element method approach. The 3-dimensional model of the test specimen for fatigue loading was designed using CAD software following the ASTM E466 standard. Fatigue loads were simulated numerically using Ansys Workbench software with loading sequences of 5000 N, 10,000 N, 15,000 N, and 20,000 N. The simulation showed a significant increase in equivalent stress from about 9.44e7 Pa to 3.82e8 Pa.. Deformation increased from 0.32 mm to 1.26 mm, while equivalent static strain rose from 0.001 m/m to 0.004 m/m. The S/N curve analysis showed that fatigue life was under 500,000 cycles at loads between 10,000 and 20,000 N, and between 500,000 and 6,000,000 cycles at 5000 to 10,000 N.
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creator: Armansyah Armansyah
creator: Djoko Setyanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-18
publication date: 2025-05-18
starting page: 081
ending page: 094
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v6i2.177

PID-CONTROLLED HUMAN DETECTION ROBOT WITH VISUAL PROCESSING ON ALPHABOT-2
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description: This paper presents a human detection and alert robot system based on the AlphaBot2 platform and Raspberry Pi. The system employs a camera with a HOG-based human detection algorithm to locate the target within the frame and uses an ultrasonic sensor to measure the distance to the person. Based on the horizontal offset between the person and the frame centre, the PID controller adjusts the speeds of two DC motors to guide the robot smoothly and steadily toward the person. When the robot reaches a predefined distance from the detected human target, a buzzer is triggered. Through experiments, the effectiveness of the image processing and PID algorithm is evaluated, and optimal parameter values are identified for the system.
subject: Articles
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creator: Hoang-Thong Nguyen
creator: Quoc-Thang Vo
creator: Minh-Thiet Le
creator: Cong-Tuan Truong
creator: Duy-Dat Tran
creator: Cong-Hoang-Anh Pham
creator: Huu-Tai Cao
creator: Gia-Bao Lam
creator: Hoang-Anh Truong
creator: Le-Bao-Luan Tran
creator: Hoang-Quang-Minh Nguyen
creator: Le-Hoang-Viet Nguyen
creator: Thi-Hong-Lam Le
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-08
publication date: 2025-06-08
starting page: 105
ending page: 123
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v6i2.176

COMPARATIVE BLADES NUMBER HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINES IN PROFILE NACA 0012 USING CFD SIMULATION
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description: This study explores the effect of blade count on the performance of low-scale horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT) with NACA 0012 profiles using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods. The results show that the turbine with three blades achieves the highest efficiency, with a power coefficient (Cp) of 0.54 at a Tip-Speed Ratio (TSR) of 7, while the four-blade turbine reaches a Cp of 0.48 at a TSR of 6. The mechanical power produced by the three-blade turbine is 1,040.81 W, 28% higher than that of the four-blade turbine (927.28 W). The progressive distribution of the pitch angle in the three-blade turbine minimizes the risk of stall and flow separation. These findings suggest that fewer blades can reduce flow interference and vortex-induced losses, making it an efficient solution for the wind energy potential in Indonesia. Future research should explore geometric and material variations for further optimization.
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creator: Dewi Puspita Sari
creator: Djoko Setyanto
creator: Rexon Harris Simanjuntak
creator: Ahmad Alfarizi Barzah
creator: Wadirin Wadirin
creator: Edi Setiyo
creator: Rudi Hermawan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-13
publication date: 2025-05-13
starting page: 069
ending page: 079
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v6i2.170

PID TRAJECTORY TRACKING CONTROL FOR BALL-AND-PLATE SYSTEM
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description: Ball-on-Plate (BoP) is developing a ball-and-beam system. This transformation transforms a single input-multi output (SIMO) system into a multi input-multi output (MIMO) under-actuated system. In this paper, we utilize the PID method—a popular linear control method in industry and academia—to track trajectory control for BoP. This system's self-made hardware is presented to test PID control through an experiment. This method is shown to track trajectory control well for real-time BoP.
subject: Articles
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creator: Tuan-Vu Vo
creator: Thai-Duong Dang
creator: Gia-Khang Chung
creator: Xuan-Truong Dang
creator: Thanh-Phat Ma
creator: Thanh-Lam Nguyen
creator: Nhat-Quang Dau
creator: Nam-Thai Cao
creator: Thien-Phuc Huynh
creator: Minh-Thong Tong
creator: Minh-Tuan Nguyen
creator: Hoai-Minh Nguyen
creator: Duc-Bao-Long Nguyen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-01
publication date: 2025-03-01
starting page: 061
ending page: 068
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v6i1.169

PROSPECTS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY
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description: This study discusses the promising future of renewable energy, focusing on wind, hydropower, and solar thermal potential. The analysis highlights the growing demand for renewable energy driven by global awareness of climate change and supportive government policies, which are facilitating investments and job creation in these sectors. Wind power is presented as increasingly cost-competitive due to technological advancements, while hydropower continues to be a reliable clean energy source amid rising energy demands. Moreover, solar thermal energy prospects in various regions, including China, the U.S., and the Middle East, are explored, emphasizing profitability and alignment with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study underscores the critical roles of ongoing innovation and effective policies in promoting renewable energy transitions essential for enhancing energy security and achieving sustainability targets.
subject: Articles
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creator: Dendy Adanta
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-26
publication date: 2024-12-26
starting page: 141
ending page: 147
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v5i3.162

GLOBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL AND INSTALLED CAPACITY
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description: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the global potential and installed capacity of renewable energy sources, focusing on wind energy, hydropower, and solar thermal power. It presents estimates of wind energy potential in leading countries, such as the United States and China, highlighting current installed capacities and investment costs. Similarly, the manuscript details hydropower potential and capacity, emphasizing the importance of geographical factors in different nations. For solar thermal energy, the analysis covers potential resources, installed capacities, and specific developments in the Middle East. Investment costs for each technology are examined, showcasing regional variations. The study underscores the critical role of continued investment, innovation, and supportive policy frameworks in advancing renewable energy sectors, essential for enhancing energy security and addressing climate change. By utilizing data from reputable sources like IRENA, this study contributes valuable insights into the state of global renewable energy.
subject: Articles
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creator: Aneka Firdaus
creator: Astuti Astuti
creator: Marwani Marwani
creator: Akbar Teguh Prakoso
creator: Dendy Adanta
creator: Wadirin Wadirin
creator: Edi Setiyo
creator: Rudi Hermawan
creator: Dewi Puspita Sari
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-26
publication date: 2024-12-26
starting page: 135
ending page: 139
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v5i3.160

ADVANCING RENEWABLE ENERGY: TRENDS IN SMART GRID INTEGRATION, DESIGN INNOVATION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
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description: This study examines current trends in renewable energy technologies, emphasizing their integration with smart grids, innovative designs, and environmental impact studies. It highlights how wind turbines, hydropower, solar thermal power, and tidal turbine technology are adapting to enhance efficiency and reliability. Integration with smart grids allows for improved energy management and real-time data utilization in wind and hydropower systems. Innovations in turbine designs aim to optimize performance while minimizing ecological impact, addressing ecological concerns such as wildlife disruption. Environmental studies across these technologies focus on understanding their effects on ecosystems and developing best practices for sustainable energy production. By exploring these trends, the study underscores the importance of continuous research in ensuring renewable energy sources effectively contribute to a sustainable future while mitigating climate change and bolstering energy security.
subject: Articles
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creator: Dewi Puspita Sari
creator: Imam Syofii
creator: Aneka Firdaus
creator: Edi Setiyo
creator: Marwani Marwani
creator: Rudi Hermawan
creator: Wadirin Wadirin
creator: Dendy Adanta
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-26
publication date: 2024-12-26
starting page: 131
ending page: 134
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v5i3.159

OCEAN ENERGY AND TIDAL TURBINE TECHNOLOGY
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description: This study explores the potential of tidal energy as a renewable source, detailing the development and future prospects of tidal turbine technology. Beginning with historical concepts from ancient civilizations and the establishment of the Rance Tidal Power Station in 1966, the chapter highlights pivotal advancements in tidal energy systems. It outlines various turbine designs, such as tidal barrage and tidal stream technologies, emphasizing the importance of efficiency and environmental impact assessments. Modern research focuses on minimizing ecological disruption while enhancing turbine performance through innovative materials and monitoring techniques. The manuscript also discusses the role of government policies and collaboration among stakeholders in fostering tidal energy deployment. Despite existing challenges, the future of tidal energy appears promising, with continuous research and innovation poised to unlock its full potential as a sustainable energy solution, contributing significantly to climate change mitigation and energy security.
subject: Articles
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creator: Dendy Adanta
creator: Farhan Yadi
creator: Edi Setiyo
creator: Wadirin Wadirin
creator: Dewi Puspita Sari
creator: Marwani Marwani
creator: Aneka Firdaus
creator: Muhammad Yanis
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-26
publication date: 2024-12-26
starting page: 125
ending page: 130
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v5i3.158

COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF HYDROPOWER TECHNOLOGY
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description: This study provides a comprehensive overview of hydropower technology, tracing its historical evolution from ancient applications to modern developments. As the most established form of renewable energy, hydropower has significantly contributed to global energy demands. The chapter discusses the origins of hydropower in ancient civilizations, the transition to electricity generation in the late 19th century, and the massive growth of large dam constructions in the 20th century. Recent trends emphasize environmental considerations, leading to a focus on sustainable practices, innovative technologies, and smaller-scale systems such as run-of-the-river hydropower. The manuscript also highlights challenges, such as balancing energy production with ecological sustainability, and underscores the importance of community engagement and regulatory frameworks. Ultimately, the text advocates for the modernization of existing facilities and the integration of hydropower with other renewable energy sources to enhance sustainability and contribute to a resilient energy future.
subject: Articles
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creator: Dewi Puspita Sari
creator: Dendy Adanta
creator: Imam Syofii
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-26
publication date: 2024-12-26
starting page: 119
ending page: 123
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v5i3.157

COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF WIND TURBINES
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description: This study explores the historical evolution and technological advancements of wind energy, emphasizing its significant role in sustainable development. From ancient windmills in Persia to modern wind turbines, wind energy harnesses renewable resources to meet global energy demands. The 19th-century innovations set the stage for today’s expansive wind farms, characterized by efficiency gains and integration with smart grids. The manuscript addresses ongoing research in turbine technologies, offshore applications, environmental impacts, and hybrid systems. As wind energy aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly those related to clean energy and climate action, it presents opportunities for economic growth and job creation. Challenges such as intermittency, environmental considerations, and policy frameworks are discussed, highlighting the need for continued innovation and strategic investment to maximize wind energy's contribution to a sustainable future.
subject: Articles
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  topic: keywords
creator: Wadirin Wadirin
creator: Dendy Adanta
creator: Dewi Puspita Sari
creator: Edi Setiyo
creator: Marwani Marwani
creator: M. A. Ade Saputra
creator: Rudi Hermawan
creator: Akbar Teguh Prakoso
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-26
publication date: 2024-12-26
starting page: 013
ending page: 018
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v5i3.156

INTRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY: PRESENTS TRENDS AND OBJECTIVES
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description: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of renewable energy sources, focusing on wind, hydropower, solar thermal, and ocean energy, while evaluating current trends and future objectives. Wind energy, with roots dating back to ancient Persia, has evolved significantly with advancements in turbine technology and efficiency enhancements. Hydropower remains a key player in global energy supply, though it faces environmental scrutiny leading to the development of more sustainable systems. Solar thermal power has gained traction with innovations in Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology. Ocean energy, utilizing tidal and wave systems, is also emerging as a vital resource. The manuscript emphasizes the integration of renewable technologies into smart grids and aligns these initiatives with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Ultimately, this work advocates for collaborative efforts among governments, businesses, and communities to foster a sustainable energy landscape, addressing climate change while promoting economic growth.
subject: Articles
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  topic: keywords
creator: Edi Setiyo
creator: Dendy Adanta
creator: Wadirin Wadirin
creator: Rudi Hermawan
creator: Muhammad Yanis
creator: M. A. Ade Saputra
creator: Dewi Puspita Sari
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-26
publication date: 2024-12-26
starting page: 109
ending page: 112
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v5i3.155

HARNESSING RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
type: item
description: This manuscript provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state and future prospects of four major renewable energy technologies: wind, hydropower, solar thermal, and ocean energy, with a particular emphasis on tidal energy. The global energy landscape is undergoing a dramatic transformation, driven by increasing energy demand, intensifying environmental concerns, and the urgent need to mitigate climate change. Renewable energy sources are uniquely positioned to lead this transition, offering viable solutions to meet growing energy needs while minimizing environmental impacts and promoting sustainable economic development.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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  topic: keywords
creator: Dendy Adanta
creator: Dewi Puspita Sari
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-26
publication date: 2024-12-26
starting page: 105
ending page: 107
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v5i3.154

PID CONTROL FOR AUTONOMOUS OBJECT-FOLLOWING ROBOT
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description: This paper presents an experimental study on the PID algorithm applied to a vehicle system that maintains a fixed distance from an object. The research focuses on how changes in PID parameters affect the vehicle's behavior. The system comprises an SRF05 ultrasonic sensor connected to an Arduino, controlling the vehicle is forward and backward movements to follow the object. Through a series of experiments, analyses, and evaluations, the study explores the effectiveness of the PID controller and addresses challenges. The results help identify the optimal PID parameter values for the system systematically.
subject: Articles
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creator: Duc-Bao-Long Nguyen
creator: Minh-Khoi Ho
creator: Anh-Quan Dao
creator: Nhu-Bao Truong
creator: Thanh-Binh Nguyen
creator: Quang-Trung Nguyen
creator: Hoang-Nghia Nguyen
creator: Dang-Khoi Nguyen
creator: Quang-Hung Le
creator: Ky-Tinh Tran
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-01
publication date: 2025-03-01
starting page: 051
ending page: 060
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v6i1.153

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF HALF BEAD TECHNIQUE TO REPLACE POST-WELD HEAT TREATMENT IN WELDING A335 GRADE P22 PIPES
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description: This work evaluates the feasibility of using the Temper Bead Welding (TBW) method with the Half Bead technique as an alternative to Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) for welding A335 Grade P22 pipes. Three treatment methods were compared: preheating, preheating with TBW, and preheating with PWHT. Hardness testing is carried out using the Vickers microhardness testing method. The only preheat method showed the highest hardness values in the HAZ (342 HV), fusion zone (357 HV), and weld metal (334 HV). TBW with the half bead technique had higher hardness only in the base metal (191 HV). PWHT provides the most uniform hardness distribution, effectively relieves residual stresses, and homogenizes the microstructure. TBW reduced HAZ size by 50% more than preheating. The microstructure observed in all methods was ferrite and pearlite, with differences mainly in grain size. Although TBW is a viable alternative for repair, this method is unsuitable for application in early fabrication processes.
subject: Articles
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creator: Haryadi Haryadi
creator: Amir Arifin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-01
publication date: 2025-03-01
starting page: 037
ending page: 049
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v6i1.151

THE OPTIMIZATION OF STAINLESS STEEL 304 AND 316 WELDED JOINTS ON CORROSION RATE BY THE TAGUCHI METHOD
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description: The Water Treatment Plant (WTP) is a water purification system designed to meet the water demands for power generation and operational requirements in the petrochemical industry. The current pipeline network in the Demin Plant unit employs carbon materials with rubber cladding, which presents drawbacks, such as extended recovery times during system failures. To address the issue, the research explored welding SS 304 and SS 316 materials as an alternative to the existing carbon pipes with rubber cladding. The study utilized the Taguchi experimental design method, employing an orthogonal array (L9) table to optimize quality improvement while minimizing costs. The experiment included 9 test specimens with three repetitions, examining four welding parameters, each with three levels. Variance (ANOVA) was analyzed using the Minitab software and manual calculations in Microsoft Excel. The results indicated that the factors influencing the corrosion rate of the specimens include the welding method, electrode type, welding speed, and welding current. ANOVA results showed that the welding method (F-value = 5.9176) and welding current (F-value = 8.3492) significantly affected the corrosion rate, whereas the electrode type (F-value = -3.5949) and welding speed (F-value = -2.8321) did not. A confirmation experiment yielded an optimal corrosion rate of 3.0231 mm/y, lower than experiment number 7.
subject: Articles
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creator: Muhammad Agus Wijaya
creator: Amir Arifin
creator: Gunawan Gunawan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-01
publication date: 2025-03-01
starting page: 017
ending page: 035
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v6i1.150

A SURVEY OF LINEAR CONTROL FOR EXPERIMENTAL BALL AND BEAM WITH MIDDLE AXIS
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description: This paper presents an experimental study of linear control algorithms applied to a Ball and Beam system with a central axis. The focus is on evaluating the ball's ability to remain balanced around the central axis and assessing the stability of linear control strategies in real-world applications. The system is controlled using an STM32F4 microcontroller, which manages a DC motor to adjust the beam's angle in response to the ball's position. Through a series of experiments and data analysis, the study explores the effectiveness of linear control in addressing the system's nonlinear dynamics and discusses the practical challenges faced during implementation. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of advanced control techniques and their potential applications in engineering.
subject: Articles
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creator: Duy-Khoa Huynh
creator: Duc-Anh-Quan Nguyen
creator: Duc-Hien Tran
creator: Xuan-Huy Nguyen
creator: Tuan-Kiet Le
creator: Gia-Long Pham
creator: Chi-Danh Le
creator: Nguyen-Duc-Huy Bui
creator: Gia-Huy Dang
creator: Minh-Tam Nguyen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-04-06
publication date: 2025-04-06
starting page: 001
ending page: 015
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v6i1.149

OPTIMIZING COUPLING SYSTEMS FOR EFFICIENT POWER TRANSMISSION AND NOISE REDUCTION IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
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description: This study evaluated a new coupling system for low rotation and minimal power transmission from an electric drive to a propeller in fish ponds, focusing on performance across various bend angles and rotational speeds while measuring noise generation. The methodology included using brass and polyethylene shafts tested with and without grease at rotational speeds up to 2200 RPM. Findings revealed that the bend angle significantly impacts performance, establishing a maximum operational angle of 25 degrees for effective power and rotation transmission, and that grease application results in a 2% noise reduction, underscoring lubrication's importance in enhancing system efficiency and reducing noise. Brass was found inadequate for high-load applications despite its noise reduction and corrosion resistance advantages, suggesting carbon steel with medium carbon content as a superior alternative, given its strength and wear resistance properties. The study emphasizes the need for further research to explore energy losses and environmental impacts to optimize transmission systems in aquatic environments. Future work should also focus on developing specialized design strategies that consider shaft diameter, support spacing, friction resistance, and temperature management for improved long-term performance and reliability.
subject: Articles
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creator: Darmawi Darmawi
creator: Sugeng Prasetyo
creator: Firdaus Firdaus
creator: Yuliani Yuliani
creator: Eddy Sa'ud
creator: M. Rifaldi Ma'arij
creator: Zurais Alfarizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-07-01
publication date: 2024-07-01
starting page: 077
ending page: 086
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v5i2.147

CONTROL AND MONITORING OF A TWO-AXIS AC-SERVO POSITIONING SYSTEM FOR DISPENSING APPLICATIONS USING PLC S7-1200
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description: The high-speed pulse train output (PTO) function is focused on in this paper, aiming to accurately control the speed and position of two-axis AC-Servo motors for precise dispensing applications. Additionally, attention is directed towards the design of the control interface and system monitoring using WinCC software. The control device used in this project is the PLC S7-1200. The main objective of this study is to develop a logic program that allows for the precise control of the position of the Servo motors and provides a control interface and monitoring system for assessing the system's operation and performance. The project encompasses the construction of the practical system, the programming of the PLC control device through TIA Portal software, the implementation of position control algorithms, the design of the control interface, the monitoring of actual positions, and the ensuring of safety measures. From the defined objectives and the completion of the hardware construction, software programming, and SCADA interface design, the following results have been obtained: optimized hardware design and construction, proper electrical panel wiring, accurate control of the position of the two-axis AC Servo, precise dispensing of the liquid solution, and an intuitive control and monitoring interface. Compared to previous studies, the novelty of our research lies in the ability to accurately control multiple axes with high-speed capability, accurately quantify the dispensed liquid through quantitative experimental results, and design a visually appealing and user-friendly control and monitoring interface.
subject: Articles
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creator: Trung-Thang Nguyen
creator: Dang-Thanh-Tuan Pham
creator: Minh-Quan Do
creator: Nguyen-Khoa Pham
creator: Thanh-Khoa Nguyen
creator: Anh-Duc Nguyen
creator: Dinh-Thi Nguyen
creator: Dang-Quoc-Bao Nguyen
creator: Van-Quyet Vo
creator: Van Dong Hai Nguyen
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-07-01
publication date: 2024-07-01
starting page: 087
ending page: 103
doi: 10.51630/ijes.v5i2.146